The Many Likely Causes Of Domesticated Bee Colony Collapse Disorder
Beekeepers have always suffered losses of their honey bees but in the past those losses were gradual and the beekeeper was always able to find the cause, usually a bacteria, mite or some other microbe and take beneficial action. Not so with colony collapse disorder, (sometimes called colony collapse syndrome or colony collapse disease). With colony collapse syndrome more honey bees are dying off faster with no unmistakable reason and because only the queen and a few workers are left alive the colony dies.
The vanishing honey bees is still a mystery. As yet there has been no firm evidence to point to any one cause for their perishing. This has led to the assumed position that there is more than one cause to colony collapse disorder (CCD). Potential causes are:
Genetically modified crops
An investigation carried out by a beekeeper, John McDonald, seems to suggest that genetically modified crops could be the cause of colony collapse disease. He placed eight bee colonies in an area where the honey bees would have no contact with genetically modified crops and an equivalent number of domesticated bee hives on farms that grew GMO's. At the end of the season in October the results of the honey collecting of both sets of bees was examined. The results between the two sets of honey bee colonies were very unlike.
The eight non-GMO bee colonies produced 150 pounds of honey, per hive, in the over-wintering brood supers. Plus, between them, the eight colonies produced 200 pounds of extra honey. The farm bees, on the other hand, had produced no extra honey and had not even filled the over-wintering brood supers. These farm honey bees will require feeding in order to last the winter.
Pesticides
The pesticide believed to be the main culprit in causing colony collapse syndrome is nicotine-based Clothianidin, an insecticide in the neonicotinoid family. In Germany investigators found that 99 percent of dead bees had high levels of Clothianidin in their bodies. As a result the seven pesticides in the neonicotinoid family have been provisionally forbidden.
In the US imidacloprid seems to be the pesticide causing the most colony collapse disorder. For example in North Dakota one third of colonies died after imidacloprid was in use on rapeseed.
Mobile phones
Is the electromagnetic radiation given off by mobile phobes interfering with the honey bee's orientation system thus preventing the honey bees from finding their way back to the hive. Some detective work carried out by Dr Jochen Kuhn shows that honeybees do not like going back to their hives when a mobile phone is deployed near the bee hive. If honeybees are trying to keep away from mobile phone radiation then this could account for why they are getting lost and unable to find their way home.
Foodstuff
Honey bees normally use natural material like pollen, sap, nectar, or other botanical materials, for restructuring into honey. When beekeepers remove this honey, which the bees would normally feed on over winter, and replace it with High Fructose Corn Syrup a natural raw foodstuff is being replaced with a highly processed dead sustenance. High Fructose Corn Syrup is lacking in the many minerals and vitamins found in honey so the bees are forced to eat inferior food which results in their poor health and worn-out immune systems.
So what is the cause of bee colony collapse disorder. Probably a combination of all of the above though GMOs, and the neonicotinoid pesticides, seem to be the main factors which has caused the dramatic increase in bees disappearing.
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